The fungal parasite Podosphaera plantaginis employs both sexual and asexual reproduction to increase its chances of infecting the plant Plantago lanceolata.
In natural pathogen populations opportunities for sexual outcrossing vary, leading to spatial variation in genetic diversity and between-season survival.
Zhi-Yan Du, Krzysztof Zienkiewicz ... Gregory M Bonito
The capacity for symbiosis between photosynthetic microalgae and early diverging lineages fungi was demonstrated with microscopy and stable isotope exchange of carbon and nitrogen.
Stephanie Wendt, Kim S Strunk ... Tomer J Czaczkes
Relative value perception, a basic tenant of Behavioural Economics, is demonstrated in an insect, and further shown to be driven by cognitive processes and induced by private and social information.
Even moderate winds cause auks to abort landing attempts at nest-sites, and as a result, wind characteristics may affect where these, and other seabirds, choose to breed.