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Accounting for nonlinear responses to temperature is critical for accurately predicting how Ross River virus and other mosquito-borne diseases will respond to climate change and detecting the effects of temperature on disease transmission.

Cytokinin-dependent manipulation of plant metabolism is a strategy employed not only by gallers and leaf-miners but also by a free-living insect, Tupiocoris notatus, which directly transfers cytokinins at feeding sites to manipulate its host plant.

Cellular carbon accumulation systems are a fundamental prerequisite for biomineralization to stabilize pH and to supply inorganic carbon for CaCO₃ precipitation under changing environmental conditions.

Plant diversification can make an important contribution to ecological intensification and the sustainable use of associated ecosystem services in an urban ecosystem.

Fossilized feces (coprolites) of extinct bone-crushing dogs, Borophagus parvus, from late Miocene (6 million years ago) of California demonstrates consumption and preservation of bones in digestive tracts and potential social hunting behavior by these predators.

Predators may amplify multiple-host parasite spreading in systems with multiple transmission routes.

Bacteria can exhibit herd immunity protection against phages, which may play a significant role in their ecology and evolution.

Colony satiation level determines the unloading rate of laden foragers, which, in turn, rely on their own food load to adjust their foraging effort.

Different developmental stages of a venomous animal (e.g. Nematostella vectensis) with a complex life cycle produce vastly different venoms that can serve in different antagonistic interactions with other species.

Dormice born late in the year start to prepare for winter sooner than mice born earlier in the year.