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The evolution of multidrug resistance can be most easily understood by focusing upon the dynamical equations of linkage disequilibrium.

Wild chimpanzees contrast to humans since adult male chimpanzees do not exhibit physiological indicators of biological embedding of the stress associated to maternal loss early in life.

Ancestral sequence reconstruction of an essential muscle protein involved in oxygen storage and transport accurately tracks secondary aquatic transitions in a speciose clade of insectivorous mammals.

Mutations that directly benefit both self and cooperative partner can readily evolve to promote cooperation.

The number and effects of mutations leading to full drug resistance crucially determine treatment failure probability and should be used to inform antimicrobial treatment strategies with regard to avoidance of resistance emergence.

The time is right to study biological function without stripping systems of their essential eco-evolutionary context.

Teeth are maintained in two amphibian groups (caecilians and salamanders) but were lost in frogs over 20 times independently, a higher incidence of edentulism than any other major vertebrate group.

Inbreeding compromises floral traits and reduces pollinator visitation rates disproportionally in female relative to male individuals in a dioecious plant and may thus interfere with the equilibrium of a complex co-evolutionary plant-insect relationship.

Mapping single-cell atlases throughout Metazoa systematically characterizes cell type diversity and the evolution of their associated gene expression programs.

Purine biosynthesis is reduced in humans due to a single amino acid substitution in adenylosuccinate lyase that occurred subsequent to the divergence of modern humans from Neandertals.