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Although courtship vocalizations are unique to each species, the basic architecture of the neural circuitries underlying this behavior is conserved among closely related species of frogs, suggesting behavior can diverge while utilizing the homologous neural network inherited through evolutionary lineage.

The juvenile barn owl displays wide heterogeneity in tuning properties in the auditory midbrain, which is shaped during development to match the pattern of sensory statistics experienced in early life and maintained into adulthood.

Early-life experiences and neuromodulatory mechanisms shape discontinuous behavioral plasticity across developmental stages and modify the spectrum of long-term individuality patterns within isogenic populations.

Electrical stimulation at the lateral habenula causes an instantaneous remission of depressive symptoms in two rat models, with more medial stimulation sites exhibiting greater antidepressant effects than more lateral stimulation sites, as revealed by functional MRI studies.

Current models of Alzheimer's disease that put mitochondria as an endpoint of disease should be reconsidered because genetic defects affecting mitochondria by themselves can also regulate Alzheimer’s disease risk factor apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression and secretion.

A worm with a nervous system of only 302 neurons satisfies the necessary and sufficient conditions for value-based decision making.

Combining 7 Tesla fMRI and MEG data collected during a challenging visual recognition task revealed distinct neural representational formats in ventral visual and frontoparietal regions, and the emergence of recognition-related signals prior to category-related information.

Postmated increases in sucrose consumption in Drosophila melanogaster females is executed by a female specific circuit that alters neuroendocrine centers to promote hunger.

A normalization model is shown to predict responses to multiple objects across changes in the attentional state in the visual cortex, providing evidence for the role of normalization as a fundamental operation in the human brain.

In the human brain, default mode network BOLD deactivations can be accompanied by both increases and decreases in glucose metabolism, depending on the respective metabolic demands of task-positive cognitive control and attention networks.