Exponentially growing bacteria from the parental NCTC8325-4 (NCTC), and its mutant strains lacking genes involved in cell wall metabolism (see main text for details) were incubated with … see more
(A) Staphylococcus aureus NCTCΔatl mutant has a similar peptidoglycan (PGN) muropeptide composition to the parental strain NCTC8325-4, as seen by HPLC analysis of mutanolysin-digested PGN. Roman … see more
(A) Representation of the post-translational cleavage (black arrows) of the atl encoded protein. The processed amidase (AM, purple arrow) releases peptidoglycan (PGN) stem peptides by cutting the … see more
(A) mCherry_PGRP-SA binding to NCTCΔatl bacteria pre-incubated with purified AM and GL (0.37 µM and 0.44 µM, respectively) showed that both enzymes can impair binding of mCherry_PGRP-SA to the cell … see more
(A) NCTCΔatl cells were incubated with purified staphylococcal AM, GL, or PBS (negative control) and were either washed to clear these proteins from the cell surface, or unwashed to keep the … see more
(A) Estimated survival curves of wild type (WT) 25174 flies infected with Atl producer NCTC8325-4 and NCTCΔatl strains were statistically different (p<0.005) and are indicated by asterisks. Absence … see more
(A) Estimated survival curves of wild type (WT) 25174 flies infected with atl mutant strains impaired in amidase activity (AMH265A), glucosaminidase activity (GLE1128A), or both (AMH265AGLE1128A), … see more
(A) NCTCΔatl Staphylococcus aureus cells were incubated with TSB medium (control) or with supernatants (sterilized by filtration) from cultures of NCTC8325-4 (NCTCsup, containing atl encoded … see more
NCTCΔatl cells, labeled with mCherry-PGRP-SA, were placed on top of a thin layer of agarose containing filter-sterilized supernatant of cultures of NCTCΔatl mutant (A, Video 1) or NCTC8325-4 … see more
(A) Staphylococcus aureus CA-MRSA MW2 strain and its atl null mutant, MW2Δatl, were incubated with mCherry_PGRP-SA in 96-well plates. The average amount of mCherry_PGRP-SA bound to bacteria in each … see more
(A) Streptococcus pneumoniae parental strain R36A, a lytA null mutant (R36AΔlytA), and a complemented strain, expressing LytA from a replicative plasmid (R36AΔlytAplytA), were incubated with … see more
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Strains and plasmids used in this study.
Primers used in this study.