Michaela Gregorova
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Daniel Morse
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Tarcisio Brignoli
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Joseph Steventon
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Fergus Hamilton
Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Mahableshwar Albur
Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
David Arnold
Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Matthew Thomas
Intensive Care Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Alice Halliday
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Holly Baum
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Christopher Rice
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Matthew B Avison
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Andrew D Davidson
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Marianna Santopaolo
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Elizabeth Oliver
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Anu Goenka
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Adam Finn
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Linda Wooldridge
Bristol Veterinary School in the Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Borko Amulic
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Rosemary J Boyton
Lung Immunology Group, Section of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Centre for Respiratory Infection Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Daniel M Altmann
Human Disease Immunogenetics Group, Section of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London W12 ONN, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
David K Butler
Lung Immunology Group, Section of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Centre for Respiratory Infection Imperial Coll, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Claire McMurray
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Joanna Stockton
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Sam Nicholls
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Charles Cooper
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Nicholas Loman
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Michael J Cox
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Laura Rivino
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Ruth C Massey
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Southmead Hospital Charity
Wellcome Trust (212258/Z/18/Z)
Elizabeth Blackwell Institute
Cystic Fibrosis Trust (CF Trust SRC 015)
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Human subjects: The patient was enrolled onto the DISCOVER study (Diagnostic and Severity markers of COVID-19 to Enable Rapid triage study), a single centre prospective study recruiting consecutive patients admitted with COVID-19, from 30.03.2020 until present (Ethics approval via South Yorkshire REC: 20/YH/0121, CRN approval no: 45469). Blood/serum samples from pre-pandemic healthy controls and asymptomatic healthy controls were obtained under the Bristol Biobank (NHS Research Ethics Committee approval ref 14/WA/1253).
© 2020, Gregorova et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.