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There is a systematic functional organization for curvature representation in area V4 where specific curvatures are encoded by unique values (modules) from the set of systematically represented values.

Curvature-preferring neurons in monkey V4 cluster into 0.5-mm patches, which highlights the importance of curvature detection in visual object recognition and the key functional role of V4 in this process.

Direct and indirect pathway neurons in posterior dorsomedial striatum were found to play distinct roles, with the former necessary for encoding and the latter for updating goal-directed learning.

Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes exhibit rapid resistance to azoles, independent of genetic selection, which is dependent on metabolic state and mechanistically distinct from latency.

When mice run, their breathing frequency increases but breaths are not temporally synchronized to strides at any speed or gait.

Cholestyramine, an FDA-approved bile acid sequestrant, can be repurposed to inactivate the antibiotic daptomycin in the gut, which prevents the emergence of transmissible antibiotic resistance in gastrointestinal Enterococcus faecium populations.

Mutations in TIN2, a component of shelterin that keeps telomere length in check, lead to cancer-predisposition by disabling the telomere tumor suppressor pathway.

Despite health disparities among groups, the lifetime risk of hypertension approaches 100% for African Americans, European Americans, and Mexican Americans.

Inhibition from the cerebellar nuclei to the inferior olive is exclusively asynchronous and GABAergic, whereas the vestibular nuclei provide rapid synchronous inhibition mediated by mixed GABA and glycinergic synapses.

When behavioral outcomes are unfavorable, the brain searches for better outcomes by deliberately increasing its internal variability.