A first-principles acoustics model reveals how the acoustic spectrum generated by flapping wings originates from oscillating aerodynamic forces, and is validated by in vivo aerodynamic force measurements and acoustic holography.

Maneuverability is thought to be limited by either intrinsic constraints or physiological capacity, and automated tracking of flying hummingbirds reveals that muscle capacity explains much of the variation in their flight trajectories.

Ruby-throated hummingbirds switch from using torpor to survive nighttime energy emergencies in the breeding season to using it to spare fat stores and gain premigratory mass in the late summer.

The sounds of flying animals, such as the hum of a hummingbird as it hovers, are influenced by the unique forces generated by the flapping of their wings.

Floral scent and nectar are highly variable in natural populations and both traits can influence outcrossing rates differently for different pollinators and increase future herbivory.

Analysis of microbial communities in floral nectar shows that it is possible to identify an overarching factor that governs the eco-evolutionary dynamics of priority effects across multiple levels of biological organization.

Uncovering an link between plant defense signaling and vertebrate feeding behavior suggests that large browsers may exert strong selection pressure on jasmonate-dependent secondary metabolites.

Doves improve their wingbeat efficacy without elevating maximum pectoralis power by angling their wings mid-downstroke to efficiently generate aerodynamic force while simultaneously tensioning the supracoracoideus tendon to assist the upstroke.