Dopaminergic medication dissociates contingent motivation from reward expectation effects on invigoration of movements in PD patients, confirming they are separate processes with different dopaminergic functions.

Transcriptional activation domains achieve rapid, dynamic, specific interaction with Mediator through binding of an unstructured peptide to multiple hydrophobic surfaces without particular amino acid side chain interactions.

Phasic activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons transiently inhibits locomotion without influencing anxiety or producing reinforcement, but when repeated over many days a long-term facilitation of locomotion is produced.

Prairie and meadow voles show striking sex and species differences in social motivation to access conspecifics of different types (familiar versus unfamiliar and same-sex versus opposite-sex).

A novel genome-wide transcriptional activation screening in Drosophila cells revealed the activation of InR-Akt-mTOR pathway by cholesterol in plasma membrane to confer resistance to Rapamycin.

MLL4 (KMT2D) is a major mammalian H3K4 mono- and di-methyltransferase that is essential for enhancer activation, cell-type-specific gene expression, and cell differentiation.

Interleukin 4 signaling co-opts the Akt-mTORC1-Acly pathway to couple metabolic input to the control of energetically demanding processes during macrophage M2 activation.

Med16 and GSK3b regulate interferon gamma-mediated MHCII expression in macrophages and are required for CD4+ T cell activation.

Myc-dependent induction of amino acid transporter expression in response to T cell receptor activation is essential to enable T cell proteome remodelling upon immune activation.

Maternal CLAMP functions as a novel pioneer transcription factor to open chromatin and plays a targeted yet essential role in Drosophila zygotic genome activation.