Open-top Bessel beam two-photon light sheet microscopy have the potential for rapid and accurate nondestructive pathology by visualizing 3D histological information.

A properly designed two-photon fluorescence microscope allows high-resolution visualization of neurons and capillaries in healthy and diseased mouse retinas in vivo, while to visualize subcellular structures, adaptive optics is required to correct the eye-induced optical aberrations.

Brain temperature and oxygenation vary according to the imaging conditions during two-photon microscopy.

Using long-term in vivo imaging with miniature two-photon microscopy, microglia surveillance is sleep state-dependent and stress-induced in freely behaving mice, regulated by the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and β₂-adrenergic receptors signaling.

Establishment of two-photon imaging with a 1100-nm laser, which underfills the objective's back aperture, detects activity of multiple neurons in the prelimbic area and hippocampal CA1 region of the intact mouse brain.

An all-optical 3D two-photon imaging and photostimulation platform was demonstrated, with the capability to precisely stimulate a large group of cells in mice cortex in vivo with low laser power.

An optical microscopy approach with an ultra-large field of view but retained subcellular resolution allows simultaneous imaging of neural activity in widely dispersed brain regions.

Prediction error responses in layer 2/3 of mouse visual cortex are shaped by experience-dependent modifications of the local cortical circuit.

Quantitative experiments and analysis determine the limit of excitation power of 1300-nm three-photon microscopy, and the imaging depth where three-photon outperforms two-photon for calcium imaging in the mouse brain.

A new type of microscope reveals detail of organelles inside every cell in the entirety of an intact embryo or tissue region over 100 cubic millimeters in volume.