Only three Spike mutations enable murine SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is still strictly ACE2 dependent and causes a COVID-19-like disease in mice with immunopathology-driven lung damage.

Rationalized selection of responsive TCR clones by single-cell analysis to aid in the generation of novel TCR transgenic animals.

Animal experiments show that the mosaic-type immunogen integrating key mutations from Omicron and other circulating variants elicits broad neutralization against divergent SARS-CoV-2 strains.

Cell culture adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 is prevented on human airway cells with an active serine protease-mediated entry pathway, allowing the production of genetically stable virus stocks for laboratory experiments.

Whereas SARS-CoV-2 utilizes cathepsins to enter most cell lines, human airway organoids revealed that entry into relevant cells is dependent on serine proteases, which can be targeted for treatment.

CLEVER enables the rapid manipulation and direct rescue of plus-strand RNA viruses with the shortest hands-on time to study viral variants of concern.

Insight into pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses caused by heterologous T cell immunity directed against dissimilar epitopes, mediated by a public T cell receptor.

SARS coronaviruses encode several mysterious proteins such as Orf3a and, in contrast to what has been claimed, Orf3a is not an ion channel but rather disrupts cellular trafficking by binding to the protein sorting complex known as HOPS.

The novel live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 nasal vaccine candidate is highly safe, induces robust cellular and mucosal immunity, and generates long-lasting neutralizing antibody titers.