Antibiotic stewardship in the outpatient setting can substantially reduce exposures of potential pathogens to common antibiotics, and complementary efforts are needed to reduce remaining exposures that occur in 'necessary' contexts.

Compared with casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab/etesevimab, early treatment with sotrovimab seems to reduce the time to sustained recovery among adult outpatients with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection due to Omicron BA.1 and BA.1.1.

Population-level antibiotic resistance correlates with the breadth of antibiotic use, that is, the proportion of people taking an antibiotic, better than with intensity of use the amount of use among users.

Immune markers measured at the early stage of COVID-19 infection are associated with various clinical outcomes and can be used to predict disease progression, T cell memory, viral shedding, and the antibody response of the COVID-19 patients.

Homeostatic innate lymphoid cell abundance, adjusted for age and sex, correlates inversely with COVID-19 severity in adults and children.

Long COVID occurred in the majority of cancer patients diagnosed with acute COVID-19 with a preponderance of symptoms (such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, and gastrointestinal symptoms) over a long time period.

Severe COVID-19 is characterised by a plasma proteomic biomarker signature, indicating innate immune activation, leucocyte–endothelial interactions, and epithelial injury.

This nationwide register-based study of diabetes risk after colectomy suggests that the left colon contributes to maintenance of glucose homeostasis.

The mathematical modeling approach disentangles the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the community setting and identifies the three most plausible driving mechanisms responsible for the observed trends in invasive isolates and pneumococcal carriage.