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Direct and indirect pathway neurons in posterior dorsomedial striatum were found to play distinct roles, with the former necessary for encoding and the latter for updating goal-directed learning.

Inhibition from the cerebellar nuclei to the inferior olive is exclusively asynchronous and GABAergic, whereas the vestibular nuclei provide rapid synchronous inhibition mediated by mixed GABA and glycinergic synapses.

When behavioral outcomes are unfavorable, the brain searches for better outcomes by deliberately increasing its internal variability.

When mice run, their breathing frequency increases but breaths are not temporally synchronized to strides at any speed or gait.

SpikeInterface is an open-source software framework designed to build full analysis pipelines for extracellular recordings in a seamless and reproducible way.

The frontal associative cortex promotes fear learning by non-linearly integrating Gaussian noise in between conditioning trials with the help of basolateral amygdala inputs.

The essential role of presynaptic NMDA receptors for granule cell GABAergic output elucidates the function of reciprocal spines in recurrent and possibly lateral inhibition of mitral cells during olfactory processsing.

Targeted optogenetic activation of small ensembles of neurons is sufficient to trigger a behavioral report while recruiting matched network suppression, suggesting exquisite sensitivity despite network mechanisms that maintain sparseness.

Patients with Parkinson's disease can be trained to self-suppress beta bursts in subthalamic nucleus, which was accompanied by quicker reaction times when prompted to move but increased tremor.

A model of in vitro human corticogenesis identifies alterations in gene expression caused by loss of 16p11.2 CNV genes in hiPSC-derived progenitor cells.