The C9ORF72 GGGGCC expansion forms RNA G-quadruplex inclusions and sequesters hnRNP H to disrupt splicing in ALS patient brains

  1. Erin G Conlon
  2. Lei Lu
  3. Aarti Sharma
  4. Takashi Yamazaki
  5. Timothy Tang
  6. Neil A Shneider
  7. James L Manley  Is a corresponding author
  1. Columbia University, United States
  2. Columbia University Medical Center, United States

Abstract

An expanded GGGGCC hexanucleotide in C9ORF72 (C9) is the most frequent known cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It has been proposed that expanded transcripts adopt G-quadruplex (G-Q) structures and associate with proteins, but whether this occurs and contributes to disease is unknown. Here we show first that the protein that predominantly associates with GGGGCC repeat RNA in vitro is the splicing factor hnRNP H, and that this interaction is linked to G-Q formation. We then show that G-Q RNA foci are more abundant in C9 ALS patient fibroblasts and astrocytes compared to those without the expansion, and more frequently colocalize with hnRNP H. Importantly, we demonstrate dysregulated splicing of multiple known hnRNP H-target transcripts in C9 patient brains, which correlates with elevated insoluble hnRNP H/G-Q aggregates. Together, our data implicate C9 expansion-mediated sequestration of hnRNP H as a significant contributor to neurodegeneration in C9 ALS/FTD.

Data availability

The following previously published data sets were used

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Erin G Conlon

    Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  2. Lei Lu

    Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  3. Aarti Sharma

    Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-4907-2174
  4. Takashi Yamazaki

    Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  5. Timothy Tang

    Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  6. Neil A Shneider

    Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-3223-7366
  7. James L Manley

    Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
    For correspondence
    jlm2@columbia.edu
    Competing interests
    James L Manley, Senior editor, eLife.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-8341-1459

Funding

NIH Office of the Director (Training Grant)

  • Erin G Conlon

NIH Office of the Director (RO1)

  • Neil A Shneider
  • James L Manley

NIH Office of the Director (R35 GM 118136)

  • James L Manley

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Ethics

Human subjects: Informed consent, including consent to publish, was obtained for human derived fibroblast and astrocyte lines used in this study by the IRB of Columbia University under protocols #AAAB0483 and #AAAC1257. For fibroblasts, written consent was given by the patients, and for astrocytes, written consent was given by the families of the deceased. Human tissue was donated for research purposes by the next of kin.

Copyright

© 2016, Conlon et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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