Building on previous work (Metzen et al., 2016), a combination of neurophysiological and behavioral approaches reveals that changes in the background strongly impacts invariant coding and perception of behaviourally relevant signals.

Whether central vestibular neurons implement faithful stimulus encoding for the vestibulo-occular reflex or optimized coding via temporal whitening for other vestibular functions is determined by neural variability.

A match between neuronal variability and tuning enables optimized coding of natural self-motion in early vestibular pathways.

Through different coding strategies, irregular and regular otolith afferents preferentially encode translational self-motion and changes in static head orientation relative to gravity.

Heterogeneity in the population of granule cells in the dentate gyrus, which includes immature and mature neurons with distinct intrinsic properties, contributes to the population's enhanced encoding capabilities and ability to discriminate correlated stimuli.

Electrocorticography (ECoG) reveals that phase-amplitude coupling relates to phase-dependent coding in the human brain.

The hippocampus demonstrates flexible coding during memory encoding, prioritizing either distance or time information based on the specific requirements of the experiment.

Mixed responses in single cells or distributed across a local population of neurons can explain regression effects during time reproduction.

Graph analysis revealed that spontaneous fluctuations of episodic-memory encoding performance associate with time-varying brain connectivity networks.

Advanced machine learning based brain signal decoding of grip-force as a proxy for movement vigor shows Parkinson's disease related performance reduction, suggestive of a loss of cortical vigor encoding in the absence of dopamine.