The small ubiquitin-like modifier system directly regulates components of the chloroplast protein import apparatus, that is, TOC proteins, to control chloroplast biogenesis and plant development.

The conserved polypeptide transport associated (POTRA) domains of the protein import channel, Toc75, are essential for protein import into chloroplasts.

SUMOylation contributes to the fine-tuning of the proteostatic equilibrium of essential chloroplast protein import receptor TOC159 at early plant development.

Subterranean fossil bone hosts a living microbiome different from the surrounding sediment without evidence of original protein preservation.

Outer membrane β-barrel proteins in Gram-negative bacteria are assembled within the lumen of the BamA β-barrel.

In the plant circadian clock photoreceptor ZEITLUPE, evolutionarily selected residues distinguish photocycle kinetics and allosteric signal transduction pathways to permit proper circadian timing.

Photodamaged chloroplasts are targeted for vacuolar degradation through microautophagy by the NBR1 autophagy receptor without the participation of the canonical autophagy machinery.

Ferroptosis is an evolutionary ancient process that is counterbalanced by distant peroxidases, GPx4 in mammals and tryparedoxin peroxidases in trypanosomes, and can be induced at distinct subcellular membranes depending on the individual cell type.

Serial-Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM) associated with biomolecular analysis show that chloroplast differentiation proceeds by distinct ‘structure establishment’ and ‘chloroplast proliferation’ phases, each with differential protein and lipid regulation.

Trait-based metagenomic analysis of an ecosystem fertilization experiment shows that genomic traits that affect the costs and rates of biochemical information-processing mediate community assembly.