Single-cell transcriptomic profiling and systematic analysis of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells identifies over 40 hormones and neuropeptides expressed in myriad combinations, and predicts their targets in mouse and human lung, revealing extraordinary sensory and signaling diversity and potential physiological functions.

Agonist and antagonist peptides of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 adopt different folds and stabilize distinct conformations of the receptor transmembrane domain, which involves tilting of helices VI and VII around conserved glycine hinges.

Analyses reveal that multiple NTS neuron types act cumulatively in the suppression of feeding, that the abrogation of food intake by multiple non-aversive populations fails to promote aversive responses, and that there exist additional NTS populations that modulate food intake.

The adenosine A2a receptor couples to the heterotrimeric G protein Gs using both conserved contacts seen in other complexes and, in addition, novel contacts to the beta subunit of the G protein.

Atoh1 promotes the development of two different neural circuits involved in hypoxic and hypercapnic respiratory responses that together are essential for neonatal respiratory drive and survival.

Opioids have distributed effects on the brainstem circuitry that controls breathing, including presynaptic and postsynaptic receptor-mediated inhibition of an excitatory circuit from the dorsolateral pons to the ventrolateral medulla.

Despite relative impermeability of the blood-brain barrier for calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies used in migraine treatment, these antibodies induce certain and highly specific brain effects particularly in the hypothalamus which may be part of the mechanism of their efficacy.

The structure of a light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor in complex with a Gi-protein heterotrimer provides a structural foundation for the role of the receptor C-terminal tail in scaffolding and signaling.

Capsaicin and other vanilloid receptor ligands alter core body temperature by perturbing central thermoregulatory pathways through activation/inhibition of TRPV1 receptors on peripheral sensory nerve fibers.