Early-life experiences and neuromodulatory mechanisms shape discontinuous behavioral plasticity across developmental stages and modify the spectrum of long-term individuality patterns within isogenic populations.

A new model describes evolutionary transitions in individuality in terms of tradeoff and tradeoff-breaking events as opposed to changes in the nature of fitness.

Discussions about biological individuality and immunogenicity continue the long history of dialogue between philosophers and immunologists.

Of the 50 primary olfactory channels in vinegar flies, only 10 drive avoidance or approach behavior when activated by themselves, indicating that most olfactory responses are multi-channel responses that follow complex combination rules.

Asymmetries between the shape of the left and right human cortex are highly unique to individuals, akin to a neuroanatomical fingerprint, related to cognitive function, and primarily driven by person-specific environmental influences.

Clonal development, but not aggregation, promotes the transition of Darwinian individuality from cells to groups, emphasizing the fundamental role of initial multicellular life cycles in the evolution of multicellularity.

A fly’s preference for one odor versus another can be predicted by the idiosyncratic activity of neurons early on in the olfactory information processing circuit.

When genes and environment are controlled, mice still develop stable differences in behavior, which are associated with large-scale differences in brain structure and connectivity.

There is substantial individual variation in behavioral and neural responses to acute ketamine administration in healthy controls, which emphasises the need for personalized approaches when harnessing ketamine as a treatment for depression.

Multidimensional analysis of data from high-throughput behavioral assays reveals many independent axes of behavioral variation among inbred animals reared in the same environment.