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In response to starvation, C. elegans converts a favorable pheromone that induces aggregation to an unfavorable one that induces a stress-resistant larval stage, thereby altering its chemical message without having to synthesize new pheromones de novo.

A conformational change in the Cricket Paralysis Virus IRES upon double translocation in the ribosome uncovers an unexpected similarity with the Hepatitis C Virus IRES.

Time resolved crystal structures reveal the binding of activated monomers to the template, followed by generation of the imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate, and finally formation of a phosphodiester bond between the primer and the adjacent monomer.

X-ray crystallography has been used to observe the synthesis of RNA in the absence of enzymes with atomic resolution.

Profilin helps to maintain formin at the growing barbed end of an actin filament, while piconewton mechanical tension drastically enhances formin dissociation from the barbed end.

Synthetic single domain antibody libraries and a binder selection cascade encompassing ribosome and phage display enable the selection of conformation-specific binders against previously intractable membrane proteins within three weeks.

Transgenic expression of glucanase, xylanase and phytase in pigs enhances growth performance and reduces nitrogen/phosphorus emission, and offers a very valuable biological strategy for sustainable resource utilization and environmental protection in the pork industry.

Genetically engineered pigs that digest their food better could help to reduce phosphorus and nitrogen pollution.