Intermolecular steric repulsion generated by glycans on the cell membrane inhibits viral infection by preventing the formation of a virus-cell interface, regardless of the identity of molecules for glycan modification.
Mouse sperm are unable to bind the zebrafish chorion, yet a subset of hyperactivated sperm can enter and cross the micropyle, suggesting a conserved mechanism of gamete interaction across species.
Megakaryocytes form a 3D cage of laminin and collagen IV that stabilizes them within their vascular niche, while β1/β3 integrins and MMP are key regulators that assist megakaryocyte maturation and intravasation.