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Parallel input streams to layer 1 identify a computationally distinct principal neuronal subtype ideally positioned to support spatial orientation computations in the granular retrosplenial cortex.

Individual participant data meta-analysis reveals the estimated lifespan trajectory of cortical GABA, characterized by an early rapid increase, followed by a period of stability during early adulthood, and a gradual decrease.

Circuit transcription factors may define the differentiation and assembly of distinct neurons into functional circuitry.

Neuron type-specific gene batteries share cis-regulatory motifs.

Protein aggregates resulting from mutations in C9orf72 impair different aspects of cellular quality control in the cytosol and the nucleus, but mRNA-mediated effects contribute more strongly to toxicity.

Despite the structural sexual dimorphism in the song control system, both male and female starlings experience similar seasonal neuroplasticity in multisensory systems and cerebellum during the photosensitive phase, which acts as a sensitive window of plasticity.

Precise motor control is supported by connectivity within a cortical grasping network from childhood to adulthood, but older individuals display more top-down control and superior motor performance compared to children.

Inhibition of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nuclei or 5-HT terminals in the anterior cingulate cortex decreased consolation-like behaviors and reduced sociability.

Modern machine learning methods offer new techniques for analyzing complex vocal behavior like ultrasonic mouse calls and birdsong.

The key mechanism for opioid-like biased agonists to provide analgesia but not respiratory depression does not involve ß-arrestin 2.