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Cautious action timing under threat depends on glutamatergic signaling from the subthalamic nucleus to the midbrain, revealing a circuit mechanism for adaptive goal-directed behavior.

The gut microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) activates the host receptor trace amine-associated 5 (TAAR5) to instruct circadian rhythms.

Intrinsic neural attractors and extrinsic environmental inputs jointly steer the dynamic trajectories of brain activity during threat processing.

Branched actin cytoskeleton is critical for myoblast fusion during mouse skeletal muscle regeneration.

The carboxyl-terminal alanine-threonine-tailed protein ATP5α helps glioblastoma mitochondria maintain a high membrane potential and keep the permeability transition pore closed, thereby promoting tumor growth and increasing resistance to apoptosis.

Profiling cell-specific immune responses reveals altered neutrophil function and enhanced T-cell mediated cell death following acute in vivo exposure to tobacco-flavored e-cigarette aerosol using single-cell technology.

Fluid flow analysis reveals that both swimming and sessile ciliates achieve competitive nutrient uptake, resolving the long-standing debate over the hydrodynamic advantage of either strategy.