A large-scale, sibling-based analysis of the Icelandic population spanning two centuries demonstrates an increase in maternal mortality rates after child loss on both sides of a major demographic transition.

A mathematical model based on enzyme kinetics shows how the relationships between life expectancy, survival rates for children and adults, and national income change over time.

Children with a parent of cancer have a higher rate of hospital contact for injury, especially immediately after the cancer diagnosis.

In a rural, low-income setting in Bangladesh, early-life telomere length was associated with concurrent growth.

Future vaccination strategies in pneumococcal disease should target specific bacterial serotypes for different host age groups.

In mountain gorillas, as in certain human populations, relationships between group members can act as a social buffer, breaking the link between maternal loss, increased social adversity, and decreased fitness.

While men’s mating success is predicted both by their strength/muscularity, voice pitch, height, and testosterone levels, their reproductive output is only predicted by strength/muscularity.

An analysis of publications and research grants shows that the volume of research on reproductive organs is much less than that on non-reproductive organs.

Sequence changes in the pneumococcal genome explain most of the variability in duration of asymptomatic carriage with serotype, antibiotic resistance and prophage accounting for the largest effects.