Parallel pathways of xylose metabolism identified in fungi that grow on plants can be used in yeast to promote hemicellulose conversion to biofuels.

Leaf-cutting ants use their fecal fluid to vector enzymes produced by their fungal symbiont to degrade plant biomass with a combination of degradation enzymes and Fenton chemistry.

Musashi-mediated post-transcriptional mechanisms regulate glucuronoxylan modification and secondary cell wall formation in the supportive fibre cells of stem in plants.

In lateral roots, cells employ a novel pathway to cell edges to control directional growth, which acts independently of the leading paradigm of oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils at faces.

Melainabacteria, a candidate phylum related to Cyanobacteria, has been identified in gut and sediment samples by genomic analysis.

KATANIN1 in stigma papilla cells prevents disordered pollen tube growth and straightens pollen tube direction, allowing the pollen tube to find its correct path to the underlying female tissues.

The capacity for symbiosis between photosynthetic microalgae and early diverging lineages fungi was demonstrated with microscopy and stable isotope exchange of carbon and nitrogen.

Experiments in gnotobiotic bees and culture tubes can recapitulate gut microbiota coexistence patterns observed in nature.

The horizontal acquisition of virulence plasmids is potentiated by production practices in plant nurseries and is sufficient to transition Rhodococcus from being beneficial to being pathogenic.

The bee gut microbiota contributes to the metabolism of the cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin.