Pair-rule genes in the wasp Nasonia function as in Drosophila in patterning anterior segments, and similar to ancestral insects in patterning posterior segments, illustrating a mixed-mode transition state between short and long germ embryogenesis.

How biologically relevant chemical information can be genetically maintained and conveyed in complex sex pheromonal profiles.

mille-pattes micropeptides have conserved function in insect embryonic patterning together with transcription factor Shaven-baby and ubiquitin ligase Ubr3, except in flies wherein restoring broad embryonic Svb expression restores patterning potency.

This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and outlines significant gaps in the understanding of CI's mechanism that are ripe for investigation.

A fatty acyl reductase gene family expansion in the Hymenoptera crown group led to recruitment of novel pheromone-biosynthetic enzymes and is linked to evolution of pheromone marking behavior.

Crucial functions of Toll signalling during dorsoventral axis formation might have evolved convergently in flies and crickets.

To protect their food and themselves against detrimental mould fungi, the eggs of a wasp species synthesize and emit remarkable amounts of gaseous nitrogen oxides that are highly effective antimicrobials.

Effects of dietary lipids on organismal function and reproductive fitness are persistent and may depend on lipid identity, cause the evolution of lipid-based diet choice, alter food webs, change species responses to environmental change, and affect human nutrition.

The synthesis capability of some amino acids is lost during the insect evolution, and hymenopteran parasitoids can make up for these deficiencies by altering free amino acid concentrations in host.

Evidence suggests that the oskar gene, a critical germ line determinant in insects, was formed by fusion of bacterial and eukaryotic sequences at least 450 million years ago.