The expression of Arabidopsis NLR immune response genes is modulated by premature transcription termination, and this has implications for understanding NLR regulation and evolutionary dynamics.

X-ray crystallography reveals that the Dna2 nuclease-helicase contains a long tunnel through which single-stranded DNA threads, and an allosteric mechanism for displacing the DNA-binding protein Rpa that restricts cleavage to the proper polarity.

Cdc48-like protein of actinobacteria (Cpa) is a AAA+ proteasomal interactor involved in adaptation of mycobacteria to carbon limitation and potentially influencing ribosomal composition of the cell.

RNA virus replication is attenuated by an intrinsic restriction mechanism after introducing CpG/UpA dinucleotides into both non-translated and coding regions of viral genomes, which may be exploited in the design of attenuated virus vaccines.

Attenuating candidate live virus vaccines by incorporating unfavoured codon pairs to reduce translation efficiency is actually mediated though changes in frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides, which make viruses more visible to the innate immune system.

For perceptual inference, human observers do not estimate sensory uncertainty instantaneously from the current sensory signals alone, but by combining past and current sensory inputs consistent with a Bayesian learner.

The Caenorhabditis elegans presynapse contains two pools of synaptic vesicles at the active zone, coupled to either neuronal-type or muscle-type calcium channels, and to different docking machinery.

Distinct interactions of AP endonuclease 1 with single-stranded DNA gaps and ATRIP and RPA protein complex address an outstanding question in the field of genome integrity regarding how ATR/ATRIP complex recruits onto damage site for ATR DNA damage response signaling.

Two domains of the peripheral membrane protein Tim44 interact with two different sectors of a translocase to coordinate the translocation of proteins across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex codes novel rules starting from their first-time implementation right after instruction while early consolidation is channeled through increasing cooperation with the anterior striatum.