C. elegans equalizes the expression of X-chromosome genes between the sexes by reducing the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to promoters of X-linked genes in hermaphrodites, using a chromosome-restructuring complex called condensin.

Gene regulatory elements can target a chromatin regulatory complex to a single chromosome in the genome through hierarchical specification and long distance cooperation.

Older people can recruit additional brain regions to help perform complex tasks, possibly compensating for age-related changes in other parts of the brain.

Dosage-compensated gene expression facilitates chromosomal aneuploidy, which presents a rapid route to phenotypic evolution in natural yeast isolates.

Dosage compensation does not take place in wild yeast strains.

Condensation and segregation of chromosomes during mitosis is caused by a combination of short-range interactions between nucleosomes and the long-range contraction of chromosome arms mediated by condensin.

Many natural isolates of budding yeast carry extra chromosome copies and show lower-than-expected expression at a subset of amplified genes, which show unique evolutionary signatures.

A chromosome-wide mechanism balances X-linked gene expression between the sexes in C. elegans, but no similar chromosome-wide mechanism balances gene expression between X chromosomes and autosomes.

The budding yeast transcription factors Reb1 and Cbf1 function as pioneer factors by slowly dissociating from nucleosomes, allowing them to target and unwrap nucleosomes efficiently to regulate transcription.

The firing rates of neurons in the grasshopper auditory system are surprisingly robust to changes in temperature, and cell-intrinsic mechanisms are sufficient to explain this temperature insensitivity.