A structural comparison of different states of the protein responsible for encapsidation of the viral RNA genome provides mechanistic insights into this process.

A combination of X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics and small angle X-ray scattering shows that the transcription antiterminator M2-1 is a structurally dynamic homotetramer that undergoes large concerted conformational changes upon binding its target RNA.

New mammarenaviruses have been identified from rodents in Cambodia and Thailand, and the Cardamones variant of Wēnzhōu virus has been found in Cambodian patients presenting with fever and respiratory symptoms.

Factor Xa and thrombin cleavage activate SARS-CoV-2 spike, widening the scope of host proteases involved in coronavirus entry and demonstrating the potential for dual anticoagulant/antiviral drugs.

Influenza evolution within infected hosts recapitulates many evolutionary dynamics observed at the global scale.

Interferon-λ plays a decisive and previously underestimated role in limiting the spread of respiratory viruses from the nasal cavity to the lungs and it efficiently restricts virus transmission from infected individuals to naïve contacts.

Innate antiviral factors do not always perfectly distinguish between self and foreign, and potential adverse effects of antiviral defense mechanisms for the host have been discussed.

5’ppp-RNA, a traditional ligand for RIG-I, can be recognized by MDA5 in species such as Miichthys miiuy and Gallus gallus that lack RIG-I.