Chemokine CCL28 plays a key role in shaping neutrophil responses during intestinal Salmonella infection and lung Acinetobacter infection.

In mice, cyclic di-GMP is an effective mucosal pneumococcal vaccine adjuvant that stimulates the immune response via two distinct mechanisms.

scRNA-seq revealed the fish kidney is a dual-functional entity with functionalities of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs and highlighted the multifaced biology of kidney in ancient vertebrates.

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells, an emerging member of the innate-like T cells abundant in humans bridging the innate and the adaptive immunity, could be exploited as a novel tool for cancer immunotherapy through cell reprogramming.

Impaired autophagy influences intestinal inflammation and hypersensitivity responses by orchestrating mucosal T cell populations, suggesting new translational perspectives for the treatment of these conditions.

Complement opsonized HIV exposure gives rise to a colorectal mucosal environment with an initial suppressed antiviral response and increased infection of immune cells and altered activation of T cells.

Innate lymphoid cells, which are dynamic under steady-state conditions, respond to a colitogenic stimulus by mobilizing from cryptopatches and secreting GM-CSF to organize the pro-inflammatory response.

Type I IFN is a key determinant of pathogenic neutrophil activity and drives tissue pathology through modulation of IL-18 levels during genital HSV infection.

Despite the virus' error prone polymerase, influenza virus antigenic evolution is rare, even in previously immune hosts, virus replication occurs before producing new antibodies.