The synthesis capability of some amino acids is lost during the insect evolution, and hymenopteran parasitoids can make up for these deficiencies by altering free amino acid concentrations in host.

Tree diversity and canopy cover shape host-parasitoid communities and network structure through phylogenetic links in a species-rich forest ecosystems.

Pkc53E kinase-mediated downregulation of CSL/Su(H) activity is a direct molecular response to parasitoid wasp infestation in Drosophila, allowing the differentiation of encapsulation-active lamellocytes, thereby ensuring an appropriate immune defense.

Adenosine produced by transmethylation may act as a sensor of the balance between cell activity and nutrient supply.

Reproductive behavior is conferred from experienced to naïve Drosophila as a behavioral social strategy allowing naïve groups to anticipate a threat from a predator.

The parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae has evolved both molecular adaptions (venom proteins and teratocytes) and ecological strategies (tolerance of intraspecific and avoidance of interspecific competition) to successfully parasitize Drosophila suzukii.

Single-cell transcriptomics of immune cells demonstrates that populations evolve inducible defences when infection rates are low and constitutive defences when infection is common.

The propensity to endogenize and domesticate dsDNA viruses depends on lifestyle in Hymenoptera.