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Polycomb enables lineage priming in mouse embryonic stem cells by establishing a barrier to commitment.

Genetic analyses revealed the critical role of local Wnt in neuronal patterning by instructing neurite pruning.

Neuronal activity in the striatum keeps track of elapsed time during the time production task while that in the cerebellum correlates with stochastic variation of self-timing in the range of several hundreds of milliseconds.

A minus-end-binding stabilizes minus-end-out microtubules in dendrites, which are required for dendrite-specific pruning during neuronal remodelling.

Direct and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia have opposing effects not only on action performance but also on internal timing of expected reward delivery.

The molecular mechanisms beyond the bidirectionality (tTLP and tLTD) of endocanabinoid spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity have been identified.

Extrasynaptic GABA_A receptors that emerge at puberty trigger adolescent synaptic pruning; pruning is prevented and cognition is impaired if the receptors are absent.

A genetic pathway involved in development works together with the sex-determination pathway to control the timing of sexually dimorphic neural development in C. elegans.

Rats act as if they expect that the delays associated with temporal cues will covary due to a common causal factor.