The cerebellum and ventral tegmental area interact during unexpected omissions of aversive outcomes in humans, supporting a role for reward-like prediction error signaling in fear extinction learning.
ACC contains specialized neurons that sustain rich action-relevant information after action execution, enabling prolonged action monitoring, and supporting complex associative linking across events.
Funding mechanisms impact the cost effectiveness of the science conducted, as extramural NIH grants to universities excel at producing papers and citations, while intramural NIH hiring more effectively translates to clinical impact.
