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First-order interneurons in the Drosophila visual system are not ON or OFF pathway-specific inputs, but serve as distinct computational units that distribute different kinds of luminance and contrast information across pathways to achieve stable behavioral responses to visual stimuli.

Intentionally preventing the retrieval of an unwanted memory hinders future attempts to reactivate the memory’s neural representation and causes a reduction in the vividness with which it can be recalled.

Ecdysone-mediated repression of the TMEM16 channel subdued initiates a sensory switch in peripheral nociceptors during Drosophila larval development, increasing thermal nociceptive behavior and reducing responsiveness to ultraviolet light.

A new molecular mechanism involving microRNA, which controls synaptic transmission in a specialized type of inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus and short-term memory in mice, was identified.

Macaque monkeys play Pac-Man with strategy-based hierarchical decision-making, a cognitive capacity hitherto unknown in them.

VGF was identified as a factor secreted from thalamocortical axons essential for the cytoarchitectonic features of neocortical layer 4 in the sensory areas in mice.

A combination of electrophysiology and quantitative modeling shows that subtle changes in input due to adaptation in cone phototransduction control the linearity or nonlinearity of how ganglion cells integrate spatial inputs.

Experience alters neurotransmitter release from different axonal compartments in different ways, allowing a set of neurons to coherently modulate behavior through diverse actions on multiple downstream circuits.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of developing retinal ganglion cells in mice suggests that their diversification into 45 discrete types occurs via the gradual restriction of multipotential precursors.

Experiments and modeling suggest that a mechanism involving positive and negative feedback can explain the relationship between the neural activity of socially interacting bats.