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When exposed to prolonged stressful stimulation, rats start to emit long, frequency-unmodulated 44-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, usually within the 35–50 kHz range, along with, previously described, long and unmodulated 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations.

Motor units within a pool exhibit distinct rate coding as force levels change, highlighting how gain control can transform inputs with limited bandwidth into the desired muscle force.

A novel methodological strategy based on machine learning has been developed to study brain evolution across species.

A mathematical model can predict the path walkers take through a rugged landscape, including the tendency of people to avoid paths that are too steep, even if it means going farther.

The perception of ambiguous steps in relative tone height is predicted by direction-selective cells in the auditory cortex, rather than the brain's represented distance between the tone heights.

The visual information walkers use for path selection during locomotion was revealed by analysis of a three-dimensional numerical representation of the natural terrain.

Computational modeling shows how neural mechanisms for mitigating biological constraints (such as neurons’ limited firing range) may eventually result in complex though predictable irrational behavior.