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Using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, the study has explained the discriminator base anomaly in bacterial tRNA(Gly) through identification of the key determinant of DTD specificity.

The packaging signal in HIV-1 genomic RNA supports in vitro particle assembly more efficiently than control RNAs, probably explaining its selective packaging during virus assembly in vivo.

RIG-I Singleton-Merten syndrome mutations either mimic or freeze the protein in an ATP-bound state and lead to autoimmune signalling through a gain-of-function recognition of self-RNA.

The insect odorant receptor gene family evolved at the base of the class Insecta before the evolution of flight and perhaps as an adaptation to terrestriality, and was therefore an important evolutionary novelty for insects.

The small molecule, 147, is a pro-drug that preferentially activates ATF6 signaling through a mechanism involving localized metabolic activation and selective covalent modification of ER resident proteins involved in regulating ATF6 activity.

Single-particle studies of dengue-virus membrane fusion and the effect of small-molecule inhibitors of infection clarify the viral fusion mechanism.

Sex-specific neuropeptide signaling in the shared sensory nervous system regulates sexually dimorphic gene expression and male-specific behavior in C. elegans.

Prospective navigational goals are represented by single neuron firing rates and firing relative to slow oscillatory phase (phase coding) in the human medial temporal lobe.

A model reveals how translation of an mRNA leader could provide resistance to global downregulation of translation.

Defense-related selective autophagy mediated by the antimicrobial autophagy cargo receptor NBR1/Joka2 is diverted to pathogen penetration sites to restrict plant colonization by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans.