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sIgM plays a role in viral neutralization across both primitive and modern vertebrates by following conserved principles in the development of specialized antiviral immunity.

SUL1 deletion extends lifespan via PKA-MSN2 pathways, underscoring nutrient signaling over sulfate transport in aging regulation.

CTCF binding promotes chromatin-nuclear speckle interactions and gene activation after DNA demethylation, yet its binding and looping patterns are unaffected by speckle depletion.

WRN and WRNP1 ATPases together with WRN 3’ to 5’ exonuclease raise the fidelity of intrinsically highly error-prone Y-family DNA polymerases such that they perform error-free translesion synthesis.

Coarse-grained models of cellular growth and high-throughput empirical genetic data support the Product neutrality function in which a double-mutant fitness is the product of single-mutant fitnesses.

The cryptic pocket is critical for one of the VP35 protein's functions and therefore is likely under selective pressure.

Differences among genetically identical individuals can be explained using expression levels of just a handful of genes, suggesting that environmental variation can be functionally analyzed.

Environmental chloride ions act as essential counterions that enable coral opsins to respond to visible light, and the polar residue Glu292 plays a critical role in chloride binding.

Peptide inhibitors of E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, engineered for enhanced affinity by incorporating unnatural amino acids, are able to block substrate ubiquitination and drive degradation of a fused target.

Remains of the extinct hominin species Homo naledi were interred by members of their own species, the first time that burial has been documented in populations other than modern humans and Neanderthals.