The enzyme PKMzeta is crucial for the maintenance of long-term memories, but a closely related enzyme provides a back-up should PKMzeta fail, thus explaining the controversy over why deleting the gene for PKMzeta may not appear to impair memory.

Pathogenesis in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 is enhanced by the heat-shock protein family member, Hsc70-4, uncovering new mechanisms of toxicity for this disease and suggesting pleiotropic roles for chaperones.

Targeting the differentiation regulators and/or AMPs of keratinocytes, rather than targeting immune cells, may be an alternative approach for topical anti-psoriatic treatment, an area with high need for new drugs.

Genetic and electrophysiology experiments provide the first direct evidence that protein kinase C is a calcium-sensing protein in post-tetanic potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity that supports short-term memory.

Genetic analyses demonstrate that Gdf3/Vg1 is a maternal effect gene required for robust Nodal signaling during different phases of embryogenesis including germ-layer formation, Kupffer's vesicle morphogenesis, and left-right patterning.

Cylicin 1 and Cylicin 2 are essential components of the sperm perinuclear theca and their loss results in impaired spermiogenesis and thus in infertility in mice and men.

Regulation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3Kγ) is essential in immune function, and stimuli that modulate the dynamics of the PI3Kγ helical domain can activate or inhibit kinase activity.

Genetic, biochemical, and physiologic analyses reveal differential responses of polyQ SCAs to exercise, and identify Sestrin as a mechanistic target that can be leveraged towards therapeutics for patients unable to exercise, or to supplement the benefits of those who can.