A consistent pattern of consumption of Triticeae tribe grasses documented in the Danube Gorges of the Balkans since the Early Mesolithic might have facilitated a quick uptake of domesticated cereals due to a developed cultural taste and specific stone tool processing technology.

Neolithic was a turning point for immune responses in Europeans, favoring tolerance against intracellular pathogens, promoting inflammation against extracellular microbes, and being related to current auto-immune diseases.

Ancient hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes were reconstructed from up to 7000-year-old Stone Age human skeletons, suggesting a long-time complex co-evolution with human populations.

Development of a genomic dating method that leverages ancestry covariance patterns in a single diploid individual reveals the timing of major admixture events during the European Holocene.

After their introduction to the Iberian peninsula, domestic cattle hybridised with mostly male wild aurochs for millennia until human actions likely ended this process about 4000 years ago.

Ancient proteomes from tiny shell ornaments were successfully characterised for the first time, showing the unexpected use of mother-of-pearl from local riverine molluscs in both coastal and inland prehistoric sites.

Reconstructing human mobility patterns using historical period genomes illustrates how the Roman Empire’s military and economic activities catalyzed an era of transient movement against the backdrop of generations-long prehistoric migrations.

Many published findings about population history that rely on inference of admixture graph models fitted to f-statistics are not robust since the method is generally inappropriate for extracting new information about population history.

Cyanobacteria with chlorophyll f show substantial near-infrared radiation-driven photosynthesis and can play an important role for primary production in endolithic, intertidal habitats.

Considerable differences are observed in the global dissemination patterns of HBV-D and HBV-A, the genotypes of which have putative origins in North Africa/Middle East (HBV-D) and the Middle East/Central Asia (HBV-A).