Fruit flies have special neurons in their pharynx with ionotropic receptors to prevent consuming too much salt, which was confirmed using a variety of behavioral and physiological assays.

The animal phylogeny of glutamate receptors indicates that vertebrate types do not account for all receptor classes originated during evolution, neither are they the pinnacle of a linear evolutive process.

In mouse brain slices, native delta glutamate receptors carry ionic current and underlie the α1-adrenergic receptor-mediated depolarization of dorsal raphe neurons that drives action potential firing in vivo.

Summation of metabotropic GABAergic responses remain linear even if most superficial layer interneurons specialized to recruit GABA_B receptors are simultaneously active.

The transcriptional cofactor HPK-1 (homeodomain-interacting protein kinase) functions as a key regulator of multiple proteostatic stress responses, each originating from discrete neuronal subtypes within the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system to preserve neuronal health and maintain organismal proteostasis during normal aging.

Purinergic signaling controls mammalian sperm transport.

During parallel fibre activity in vivo, postsynaptic mGluR1 receptors in molecular layer interneurons of the cerebellar cortex are engaged in a frequency-dependent manner and in concert with inotropic glutamate receptors.

Insect specific olfactory receptors are not an adaptation to a terrestrial insect lifestyle, but evolved later in insect evolution.

Intracellular parasites hijack a conserved GABAergic system of immune cells to promote dissemination.

Threonine promotes sleep via down-regulation of metabotropic GABA transmission in the ellipsoid body R2 neurons that generate homeostatic sleep drive in Drosophila.