Transcriptomic analysis using a novel information-based network entropy approach provides mechanistic insights into the ability of Klotho to successfully ameliorate age-related sarcopenia in old mice, but not oldest-old mice.

The incus of the middle ear plays a role in supporting the lower jaw prior to the formation of the mammalian jaw joint allowing early feeding in monotremes and marsupials.

The application of different types of mechanical stimuli to chondrocytes, either by stretching the membrane or deflecting cell-substrate contacts, reveals that there are distinct but overlapping mechanoelectrical transduction pathways in these cells.

NFATc1 is identified as a molecular marker of articular cartilage progenitor cells and a transcriptional repressor of chondrocyte differentiation, providing fundamental insights into the origin and differentiation mechanism of articular chondrocytes.

A periosteal Bmp2 signaling center couples bone length to bone width during development and must be reactivated by clinical bone anabolic therapies to reduce fracture risk and accelerate fracture repair.

Daily palovarotene treatment reduces pathogenic expansion of fibro/adipogenic progenitors but results in long bone growth plate loss and overgrowths of synovial cartilage in juvenile mice.

SMOC inhibits BMP signaling locally, but also expands the range of BMP signaling by competing for heparan sulfate binding sites.

Actin is incorporated into the thin-filament arrays of skeletal muscle sarcomeres in discrete steps, and Fhos, the Drosophila homolog of FHOD-family formins, is an essential player in the process.

Osteoblastic PGE2 induces pain and OA progression by Na_V1.8 modification and serves as a potential target multiple skeletal pain and degenerations.

Genetic analyses in mice reveal a communication system between the knee joint and the developing bones that could be explored in studies addressing evolutionary changes in body proportions and in future therapies for growth disorders.