The evolution of division of labour with non-accelerating returns from specialisation can occur for several reasons, including but not limited to topologically constrained group structures, but there must always be a group efficiency benefit and a coordination mechanism is required.

Humans showed the most widespread asymmetric connectivity between the inferior parietal lobule subregions and the rest of the brain compared to macaques and chimpanzees, which shapes hemispheric specialization in primates.

The coupling between neural oscillatory activity, haemodynamics, and metabolism is localised to the temporo-parietal region in response to social stimuli, providing evidence of the importance of investigating the energetic basis of brain functional specialisation.

RNAseq profiles of female Aedes body parts, gut regions, and blood-fed guts provide insight into the anatomical patterning of immune and digestive function, and demonstrate the sequential induction of multiple peptidase cohorts over the course of blood meal digestion.

An analysis of author contribution statements in a large number of published papers reveals biases in the career trajectories of scientists.

The dengue and yellow fever mosquito first specialized on humans about 5000 years ago, but appears to use the same genes to thrive in urban environments today.

A SWI/SNF-family chromatin remodeling subcomplex from yeast is identified (RSC1) that is specialized to slide nucleosomes residing on DNA sequences that confer partial nucleosome unwrapping, with assistance from accessory factors.

Data-driven and effective connectivity analyses reveal patterns of functional specialization, common mechanisms, and brain-wide interaction profiles within the human inferior parietal lobes for multiple functional domains.

Mathematical modeling shows that reproductive specialization is strongly favored in sparse networks of cellular interactions that reflect the morphology of early multicellular organisms, even when benefits of specialization are saturating.

Neuropeptide tachykinin signaling acts as master regulator of behavioral specialization in honeybees by differentially modulating worker responsiveness to task-specific stimuli.