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R-spondins 2 and 3 can potentiate WNT signaling in the absence of LGRs through interactions with ZNRF3/RNF43 E3 ubiquitin ligases and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, defining two alternative modes of R-spondin-mediated signaling.

Lower mitochondrial coenzyme Q was a consistent feature across multiple in vitro and in vivo models of insulin resistance and was sufficient to cause insulin resistance through increased mitochondrial oxidants.

A signaling pathway—comprising a linear sequence of the ubiquitin-selective chaperone Cdc48/p97 and the deubiquitylases Ubp12 and Ubp2—synergistically regulates mitochondrial fusion, thereby fine-tuning ubiquitylation of the mitofusin Fzo1.

The synaptic ribbon regulates calcium channel clustering and proper vesicle dynamics at cochlear inner hair cells to ensure precise sound encoding.

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in mice reveals that diverse functions of actin isoforms are defined by their nucleotide, rather than their amino acid sequence, suggesting a novel mechanism of nucleotide-dependent protein regulation in eukaryotic genomes.

The differences between β- and γ-actin are deeper than those between the amino acid sequences of these two proteins.

Restoration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostatis occurs when levels of the key ER resident chaperone BiP exceed those of accumulating ER clients.

Live real time imaging and perturbation experiments reveal how vimentin integrates with early damage induced reactive oxygen species to mediate collagen rearrangements and epithelial cell projections during wound repair and regeneration.

On entry to meiosis, chromosomes scattered in the large oocyte nucleus of starfish are collected by an F-actin network, which contracts by an unexpected, myosin-independent mechanism based on local assembly and global disassembly of actin filaments.

Endocytosis is regulated by a protein family that recycles the AP2 clathrin adaptor by restoring the inactive form of complex.