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An ethnically robust pipeline for inferring mitochondrial DNA copy number from genotyping arrays was developed and applied to the UKBiobank, elucidating several common and rare loci in genes involved in the synthesis, maintenance, and organization of mitochondrial DNA.

The gut microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) is elevated in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis and inhibition of the gut microbial enzymes that produce TMA may serve as a tractable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ethanol-induced liver injury.

The repression of HIF-1 plays a central role in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and subsequent tissue damage in diabetes, which is mediated by increased mitochondrial respiration, making HIF-1 signaling an attractive therapeutic target for diabetes complications.

Deep convolutional neural networks can generate virtual histology from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to map cellular structures in the mouse brain with high specificity, which enables neurobiologists to use MRI to characterize neuropathology effectively.

Mouse molecular genetics and in vivo functional studies reveal that thyroid hormone is necessary for punctual proximal femur head development by a mechanism that differs temporally and molecularly from the secondary ossification center at the distal femur.

Celastrol covalently inhibited the chaperone activity of GRP78 and could disconnect the transduction of ER stress signal to downstream inflammatory response and lipid metabolism.

Connexin 43 hemichannel activation associated with prostaglandin release in osteocytes plays an important role in anabolic function of mechanical loading on bone tissue and hemichannels could be a potential new therapeutic target for treating bone loss and osteoporosis.

Small molecule inhibitors of gut microbial choline trimethylamine lyase activity protect against obesity.

Hunger-sensitive AgRP neurons must sense changes in calorie availability to transmit metabolic information into dopamine release in the NAc and dorsal striatum, albeit over different time frames, to increase motivated food reward seeking.

Patient outcomes, and the time spent by patients during hospital admission, showed considerable variation over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.