Huyen Nguyen, Christian Wandell Thorball ... The Swiss HIV Cohort Study
The presence of certain HLA alleles drives the emergence or maintenance of otherwise deleterious drug-resistant mutations in patients living with HIV, even when the patient is antiretroviral treatment naïve.
A novel dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase was identified, which catalyzes dimethyl sulfide releasing by a new mechanism and is found in several bacterial lineages, revealing its important roles in global sulfur cycling.
Type I IFN is a key determinant of pathogenic neutrophil activity and drives tissue pathology through modulation of IL-18 levels during genital HSV infection.
Hannah Tabakh, Adelle P McFarland ... Joshua J Woodward
The aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal is a novel component of the host antimicrobial reactive oxygen burst, and the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes encodes genes specifically for its detoxification.
Broader case variation in respiratory viral load, and in shedding virus via droplets and aerosols, for SARS-CoV-2 than influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 facilitates greater transmission heterogeneity in the COVID-19 pandemic than the 2009 flu pandemic.
Cell culture adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 is prevented on human airway cells with an active serine protease-mediated entry pathway, allowing the production of genetically stable virus stocks for laboratory experiments.
John A Buglino, Gaurav D Sankhe ... Michael S Glickman
M. tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes the disease tuberculosis, uses a signaling system that senses multiple products of the host's immune system to modify gene expression to colonize the lung.
When culturing SARS-CoV-2 in the laboratory it is vital to avoid deletions in the gene for the spike protein that could affect the interpretation of experiments.
ATG9-dependent autophagy is an essential pathway for long-term survival within the cyst in the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and could be exploited in future studies seeking interventions against persistent Toxoplasma infection.
