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The increasing knowledge of barrier tissue-resident memory macrophages and trained innate immunity (TII) will help develop both nontarget-specific and target-specific TII-based vaccine strategies.

A unique pathogenic mutation on the primary prolyl hydroxylase of the oxygen-sensing pathway compromises the capacity to hydroxylate the hypoxia-inducible factor's N-terminal oxygen-dependent degradation domain proline while retaining activity against the otherwise catalytically predominant C-terminal proline.

Conserved sequence motifs within intrinsically disordered protein regions act as evolutionary units that support phase separation and membraneless organelle formation.

A novel connectomics approach reveals synaptic connectivity differences between narrowly and broadly tuned olfactory glomeruli in Drosophila melanogaster, providing new insights into glomerular circuitry and its putative computational roles.

Loss of RTN4RL2 disrupts synapse formation and function between inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, leading to elevated auditory thresholds and highlighting its critical role in hearing.