The necessity of studying extremophile organisms is exemplified by the structure of photosystem I from a high-light tolerant cyanobacteria, demonstrating the relationship between the structure and function in photosystem I.

The structure of the photosystem I (PSI) complex from Synechocystis is determined, and reaction center subunits engineered to resemble a viral PSI are found to promote promiscuous electron acceptor properties.

Cyanobacteria cope with both predictable day/night changes and natural fluctuations in light during the day by adjusting the expression dynamics of circadian-clock-controlled genes via a network of transcriptional regulators.

A potentially useful cyanobacterial sulfated exopolysaccharide and its biosynthesis and regulation genes, which contribute to the laboratorial bloom formation, are elucidated for the first time among prokaryotes.

Genetic, biochemistry and modeling approaches reveal elements of a Turing-type reaction-diffusion system to control pattern formation in differentiating cyanobacterial filaments.

Cyanobacteria with chlorophyll f show substantial near-infrared radiation-driven photosynthesis and can play an important role for primary production in endolithic, intertidal habitats.

Carboxysomes, the carbon-fixation machinery of cyanobacteria, are equidistantly-positioned by dynamic gradients of the protein McdA on the nucleoid that emerge through interaction with a previously unidentified carboxysome factor, McdB.

The self-buckling behavior of filamentous cyanobacteria allowed a quantification of their propulsion forces, indicating that adhesion plays an important role in gliding motility.

The cells of a cyanobacterium act as spherical micro-lenses, allowing the cell to see a light source and move towards it.

Mass spectrometry has potential as a tool for ecological studies and bioprospecting of natural products from marine cyanobacteria and algae.