A protein that can recognize regions of DNA with a high proportion of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, and then recruit polycomb group proteins to these CpG islands, has been identified.

KHNYN, a putative endoribonuclease, interacts with the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and is required for the inhibition of HIV replication and RNA abundance by CpG dinucleotides.

Attenuating candidate live virus vaccines by incorporating unfavoured codon pairs to reduce translation efficiency is actually mediated though changes in frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides, which make viruses more visible to the innate immune system.

Methylated CpG sites are saturated for T mutations in a sample of 390K human exomes, providing a test case for inferences about fitness effects in human genes, and insight into the interpretation of mutations as pathogenic using reference datasets.

The ZF-CxxC protein FBXL19 recruits kinase-associated Mediator to CpG islands of silent developmental genes in embryonic stem cells, which primes these genes for activation during differentiation and is required for embryonic development.

Large numbers of DNA sequence variants comprehensively define how transcription factor binding sites and CG density preserve mammalian promoters from repression by DNA methylation.

Genomic landmarks, known generically as ‘CpG islands’, program chromatin structure via their richness in the dinucleotide CG and their skewed composition of DNA bases.

Mutants of influenza A virus with increased CpG dinucleotide frequencies show restricted replication and reduced or absent pathogenicity, and powerful host innate and adaptive responses to infection that confer immunity to re-infection.

Uninterrupted CAG repeat length determines onset age in Huntington's disease, and therefore, base editing strategies to generate CAA interruption offer new therapeutic opportunities as they diminish the disease-causing mutation.

Population output variability in a motor control system varies across levels (CPG, motor neurons, muscles) and can be ascribed to life history differences among animals and in some cases to differences between bilaterally homologous elements.