Many vertebrates are able to synthesize a sunscreen compound de novo and the pathway involved can be used for heterologous production of the compound in yeast.

The maintenance of memory CD4 T cells in mice relies on a continual and strikingly high level of replenishment from naive precursors, and older memory T cells may resist the influx of newer ones.

HIV-specific T cells remain detectable for years in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy and importantly, mostly (68%) recognize HIV viruses that have the capacity to rebound following treatment interruption.

Selective sweepstakes from pervasive positive selection, rather than demographic changes or random sweepstakes reproduction, is the primary determinant of reproductive skew and genetic diversity in the highly prolific Atlantic cod.

The human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 primarily spreads between cells using a method called cell-to-cell infection, suggesting that this process may be a target for anti-viral drugs.

Jaw joint regulatory sequence 1 (JRS1) is deeply conserved in most jawed vertebrates and displays a specific enhancer activity in the developing primary jaw joint that contributes to early nkx3.2 gene expression and jaw joint morphology.

Altered lymphocyte dynamics after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cannot solely be explained by low lymphocyte numbers.