A study of tuberculosis cases in the Karonga district of Malawi reveals that the main lineages of M. tuberculosis differ in their transmission patterns and virulence.

PIP₂ inhibits the proton-activated chloride (PAC) channel by selectively stabilizing its desensitized state.

Increased neuronal activity of cortical pyramidal cells can paradoxically reduce cerebral blood flow via vasoconstriction mediated by glutamate and lipid messengers.

Medial cerebellar nucleus comprises five major types of excitatory projection neurons differentially connected with specific subsets of inferior olive neurons, Purkinje cells, and somatomotor, oromotor, positional-autonomic, orienting and arousal circuits.

NAD de novo synthesis activity in the murine visceral yolk sac is essential for embryonic development and its perturbation due to genetic and maternal dietary factors causes NAD deficiency and congenital malformations.

Bacteria that resist direct complement-mediated killing by pores can still potently activate the complement system and trigger release of incomplete pores into human serum.

Analysis of conventional and gnotobiotic mice showed that a MHC-E-restricted unconventional CD8 T cell population is retained in the small intestine epithelium by a commensal bacterium.

Single-molecule analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA identifies significant heterogeneity in cellular viral RNA levels and highlights slower replication kinetics for the Alpha variant compared to the Victoria strain.

MLL1-mediated H3K4 methylation is directly enhanced by cis-tail H3 acetylation, as shown through both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Noise-averaging cooperation (NAC) is a novel theory for the emergence of microbial cross-feeding by which noisy intracellular metabolism can promote cooperation and cross-feeding among cells.