Tim-3 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of NF90, a novel virus sensor, and negatively regulates the NF90-SG pathway-mediated antiviral innate immunity.

A plant virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, manipulates the host preference of the vector insect whitefly to promote its transmission by inducing caspase-dependent apoptotic neurodegeneration in vector's brain.

A new genetically encoded sensor robustly detects exogenously applied PAC1R ligands in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo (in zebrafishes and mice) serving as a useful resource for probing PAC1R functions.

Combined antigenic and genetic analysis shows that different strains of the human influenza virus display dramatically different rates of antigenic drift, and that these differences have a significant impact on the number of new infections in each flu season.

Extensive genetic diversity and novel genome structures in RNA viruses from arthropods shed important new light on the ancestry and evolutionary history of major classes of vertebrate and plant viruses.

Experiments in mice have shown than an enzyme that repairs broken DNA inside the nucleus also has a central role in the innate immune system because it is able to detect foreign DNA outside the nucleus.

A predominant but less studied sensory pathway for both vibrissa self-motion and touch inputs is shown to broadcast broadly to brainstem regions involved in regulation of autonomic functions as well as forebrain regions involved in expression of emotional reactions.

Focusing on calcium oscillations in relation to neuronal morphology both in vitro and in vivo, rationally designed GCaMP-X provides a simple solution to neuronal toxicity of conventional GCaMP in imaging applications involving prolonged and/or strong expression of calcium probes.

The innate immune DNA sensor IFI16 is in association with H3K9 methyltransferases SUV39H1 and GLP under physiological conditions in the nucleus which facilitates the epigenetic silencing of foreign viral DNA.

Antigenic drift in influenza’s major surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, contributes to variability in epidemic magnitude across seasons but is less influential than subtype interference in shaping annual outbreaks.